Stockbrokers
                          In the late nineties the broking 
                            industry was massively shaken up by the forces of 
                            competition, especially the advent of internet trading 
                            and cheap online broking services. Gone are the days 
                            when brokers routinely charged around 2.5% to buy 
                            and then another 2.5% to sell. It really makes you 
                            wonder how traders ever made a living back then. Nowadays 
                            many people use 'no advice' brokers and pay much less 
                            than 1% per transaction. Online trading via the internet 
                            has become the main way of buying and selling shares 
                            and can be conducted through various online broking 
                            firms which are easily found via a search engine. 
                            
                           If you are new to the market 
                            though, or can find a good one, there can still be 
                            value in paying the higher rates for a broker who conducts 
                            research and offers client advice. One advantage of 
                            a good advisory broker is that the principals of many 
                            companies need good relations with brokers and therefore 
                            often tell them stuff that may not be generally known. 
                            Brokers, being in the industry, hear a lot of rumours, 
                            both good and bad, that can be very useful.
    
                          The downside is that unfortunately 
                            some brokers use clients for their own ends. If for 
                            instance a Shark needed to get out of a stock urgently, 
                            an unscrupulous broker might recommend that stock 
                            to some of their Fish or Plankton to help out the 
                            more valuable client. Other times a broker might have 
                            a vested interest in the success of a float that their 
                            company is underwriting and may sell shares in that 
                            float to clients, whether they believe in the ultimate 
                            success of the company or not.
                          Brokers also have interests 
                            that can be at odds with the client. I have already 
                            mentioned two of these in previous sections, keeping 
                            clients invested in shares as opposed to other types 
                            of investment despite the market being over-bought, 
                            and profiting from excessive turnover of stock (known 
                            as churning) whilst the client is obviously better 
                            served by minimising turnover and consequently brokerage 
                            costs.
                          Another thing to remember is 
                            that many brokers are just salespeople, who pass on 
                            the information and recommendations of analysts. Not 
                            all of them are well versed in the history of markets, 
                            world commerce, geopolitics, or even a lot of the 
                            individual stocks in the speculative market sectors. 
                            So when you ask your broker about a stock that someone 
                            mentioned to you, do not imagine that you are necessarily 
                            getting expert advice. Ask whether the firm has analysed 
                            that stock and if not, ask the broker to justify any 
                            opinion given.
    An important area of broker skill is the taking and 
      executing of orders. There is a vast difference between a good and bad broker 
      here.
                          A good broker will know when 
                            to question your order and can occasionally stop you 
                            from making a mistake. They will notice when your 
                            order is running against the tide and will know when 
                            to exercise their own discretion to save you money. 
                            A bad broker will be proactive at the wrong times, 
                            will not get the best price available, will not always 
                            try and contact you if something relevant happens 
                            that may affect your order and will often cost you 
                            money that a good broker would have saved.
    
                          In my experience the best way 
                            of choosing a broker is by recommendation. Try and 
                            find either a professional trader or at least a Shark 
                            who can point you in the right direction. One of your 
                            acquaintances is sure to know a serious market player. 
                            Do not take any old Fish's advice, as they might not 
                            know the difference, whereas a Shark has probably 
                            switched brokers several times before settling on 
                            a good one.
                           
 
                           
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